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Few of us realize how much our species owes to blind evolution. Were it not for a single gene that is not found in other primates, people could still dream of inventing stone tools. As far as they could dream. A team of scientists from Japan and Germany, led by Wieland Huttner from the Max Planck Institute, genetically modified marmosets by implanting the human ARHGAP11B gene . You will ask why? Secrets of the ARHGAP11B gene To this day, we don’t know exactly what our brain evolution looked like. Scientists have several interesting theories on this subject, but none of them has been 100 percent confirmed so far. We are quite sure about the division of the cerebral cortex into the old cortex (paleocortex), in which our emotions and instincts nest, and the new cortex (neocortex), responsible for our cognitive impressions and senses. This second type of cortex is the youngest part of our brain and in comparison to the brain structure of other primates it occurs in us about three tim...